Diamond carbon atoms form a rigid 3D lattice, making them incredibly hard. In contrast, graphite consists of flat, stacked carbon layers that slide easily past each other.

Living organisms constantly absorb Carbon-14, which begins decaying at a steady, measurable rate once they die. This allows scientists to calculate the artifact's age.

With four valence electrons, carbon easily creates complex, branching molecules like DNA and proteins. This unique bonding ability is essential for building living cells.

Pure iron is soft because its atomic layers slide easily. Carbon atoms fill the empty gaps between these iron atoms, locking them firmly in place to create strong steel.